Operatively Coupled Data and Power Transfer Device for Medical Guidewires and Catheters with Sensors

ABSTRACT

A power and data coupling device for medical sensors comprises a first conductive surface integrated into a medical device and configured to couple via an electric field with a second conductive surface. The second conductive surface is translatable with respect to the first conductive surface. Additionally, the first conductive surface is connected to a power source for providing power, through the electric field, to the second conductive surface. The first conductive surface also radiates a time-varying electric field that is configured to convey power to the second conductive surface. Further, the first conductive surface is connected to a pick-up that is configured to receive signals from the second conductive surface.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No.17/205,754, filed Mar. 18, 2021 and titled “Operatively Coupled Data andPower Transfer Device for Medical Guidewires and Catheters withSensors,” which application claims priority to U.S. Provisional PatentApplication Ser. No. 62/992,695, filed Mar. 20, 2020 and titled“CATHETER SYSTEM, DEVICE, AND METHOD THEREOF,” and to U.S. ProvisionalPatent Application Ser. No. 63/044,960, filed Jun. 26, 2020 and titled“CATHETER AND GUIDEWIRE SYSTEMS WITH ENHANCED LOCATION ANDCHARACTERIZATION FEATURES.” The entire contents of each of the aboveapplications is incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

Additionally, the present application is related to U.S. patentapplication Ser. No. 17/205,614 filed Mar. 18, 2021 entitled “SIGNALCONDUCTING DEVICE FOR CONCURRENT POWER AND DATA TRANSFER TO AND FROMUN-WIRED SENSORS ATTACHED TO A MEDICAL DEVICE”, U.S. patent applicationSer. No. 17/205,854 filed Mar. 18, 2021 entitled “CATHETER FOR IMAGINGAND MEASUREMENT OF PRESSURE AND OTHER PHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS”, andU.S. patent application Ser. No. 17/205,964 filed Mar. 18, 2021 entitled“GUIDEWIRE FOR IMAGING AND MEASUREMENT OF PRESSURE AND OTHERPHYSIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS”. The entire contents of each of the aboveapplications is incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

BACKGROUND

The present invention relates generally to medical devices, includingintraluminal devices such as guidewires and catheters that includevarious sensors for simultaneous and/or continuous measuring of one ormore physiological parameters.

Guidewire devices are often used to lead or guide catheters or otherinterventional devices to a targeted anatomical location within apatient's body. Typically, guidewires are passed into and through apatient's vasculature in order to reach the target location, which maybe at or near the patient's heart or brain, for example. Radiographicimaging is typically utilized to assist in navigating a guidewire to thetargeted location. Guidewires are available with various outer diametersizes. Widely utilized sizes include 0.010, 0.014, 0.016, 0.018, 0.024,and 0.035 inches in diameter, for example, though they may also besmaller or larger in diameter.

In many instances, a guidewire is placed within the body during theinterventional procedure where it can be used to guide multiplecatheters or other interventional devices to the targeted anatomicallocation. Once in place, a catheter can be used to aspirate clots orother occlusions, or to deliver drugs, stents, embolic devices,radiopaque dyes, or other devices or substances for treating thepatient.

These types of interventional devices can include sensors located at thedistal portion in order to provide added functionality to the device.For example, intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) is an imaging techniquethat utilizes a catheter with an ultrasound imaging sensor attached tothe distal portion. Ultrasound is utilized to image within targetedvasculature (typically the coronary arteries).

The use of such sensors introduces several challenges. In particular,the interventional devices involved have very limited space to work in,given the stringent dimensional constraints involved. Moreover,integrating the sensors with the interventional device in a way thatmaintains effective functionality can be challenging.

Another issue common to the field is proper localization and positioningof the distal portion of the device at the target location. If thedevice tip is improperly positioned during insertion, or if the tipmigrates away from the desired position after insertion, various riskscan arise. For catheter implementations, for example, improperpositioning can lead to fluid infusions that can cause pain or injury tothe patient, increased thrombosis rates, delays in therapy, devicebreakage or malfunction, delays due to device replacement, andadditional costs associated with the device replacement and theadditional time required by the attending physician and the medicalcenter.

Further, conventional approaches to internal imaging and catheterlocalization require the injection of dye and/or the use of X-rays. Eachof these can be harmful to the subject. In addition, such imagingradiation can be harmful to the physicians and staff exposed to theradiation.

The use of such interventional devices is also challenging due to theneed to manage several long lengths of wires and other components,including guidewires, power cables, data wires, and the like. Care mustbe taken with respect to what is allowed in the sterile field and whenit can be removed. Additional staff is often required simply to managesuch wires and cables.

As such, there is an ongoing need for improved interventional devicesthat effectively integrate sensors, effectively manage power and datacommunication with the sensors, effectively communicate data off of thedevice for additional processing, and that enable more effectivepositioning of the medical device in the desired target position withinthe vasculature or other targeted anatomy.

SUMMARY

Disclosed embodiments include a power and data coupling device formedical sensors. The power and data coupling device may comprise a firstconductive surface integrated into a medical device and configured tocouple via an electric field with a second conductive surface. Thesecond conductive surface may be translatable with respect to the firstconductive surface. Additionally, the first conductive surface may beconnected to a power source for providing power, through the electricfield, to the second conductive surface. The first conductive surfacemay also radiate a time-varying electric field that is configured toconvey power to the second conductive surface. Further, the firstconductive surface may be connected to a pick-up that is configured toreceive signals from the second conductive surface.

Additional disclosed embodiments include a method for providing powerand data coupling to medical sensors. The method may comprise coupling,via a time-varying electric field, a first conductive surface integratedinto a medical device with a second conductive surface. The firstconductive surface may be connected to a power source for providingpower to the second conductive surface. The first conductive surface mayradiate a time-varying electric field that is configured to convey powerto the second conductive surface. Additionally, the first conductivesurface may be configured to receive signals from the second conductivesurface. The method may further comprise translating the secondconductive surface with respect to the first conductive surface.Additionally, the method may comprise isolating, with a signalprocessor, the signals. Further, the method may comprise transmitting,with a transmitter, the isolated signals to a computing device.

This Summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in asimplified form that are further described below in the DetailedDescription. This Summary is not intended to identify key features oressential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended tobe used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subjectmatter.

Additional features and advantages will be set forth in the descriptionwhich follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or maybe learned by the practice of the teachings herein. Features andadvantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means of theinstruments and combinations particularly pointed out in the appendedclaims. Features of the present invention will become more fullyapparent from the following description and appended claims, or may belearned by the practice of the invention as set forth hereinafter.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Various objects, features, characteristics, and advantages of theinvention will become apparent and more readily appreciated from thefollowing description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with theaccompanying drawings and the appended claims, all of which form a partof this specification. In the Drawings, like reference numerals may beutilized to designate corresponding or similar parts in the variousFigures, and the various elements depicted are not necessarily drawn toscale, wherein:

FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic overview of a guidewire system configuredto provide one or more of the features described herein;

FIG. 2 illustrates a catheter system configured to provide one or moreof the features described herein, showing components of a power and datatransfer device and showing the that the coupling transfer device may becommunicatively coupled to an external device;

FIG. 3A illustrates a more detailed view of the guidewire system of FIG.1, showing components of a power and data coupling device and showingthat the coupling transfer device may be communicatively coupled to anexternal device;

FIG. 3B is an expanded view of a distal section of the guidewire tobetter illustrate exemplary sensor arrangement on the guidewire;

FIG. 3C is a schematic view of a distal section of the guidewire toillustrate additional distal components and features of the device;

FIGS. 4A-4D illustrate an exemplary use of the guidewire system toeffectively guide positioning and deployment of a stent at a targetedstenosis;

FIG. 5 illustrates an extension wire being added to the wire;

FIG. 6A illustrates an electrical schematic diagram of a medical device;

FIG. 6B illustrates another electrical schematic diagram of the medicaldevice;

FIG. 7 illustrates channels configured for utilization by the medicaldevice;

FIGS. 8A-8E depict various embodiments of a power and data couplingdevice;

FIG. 9 depicts another embodiment of a power and data coupling device;

FIGS. 10A-10C depict embodiment of conductive surfaces within a powerand data coupling device;

FIGS. 11A-11C depicts various electrical schematic diagrams of themedical device; and

FIG. 12 illustrates a flow chart of a method for concurrent power anddata transfer in a medical device.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION Overview of Intraluminal Systems

FIG. 1 illustrates a schematic overview of a guidewire system 100 thatmay incorporate one or more of the features described herein. Theguidewire system 100 includes a wire 102 that is routable through aproximal device 104. The guidewire system 100 may sometimes bealternatively referred to herein as the “guidewire device. As usedherein, the wire 102 may also be referred to as a type of elongatedconductive member.

As used herein, the elongated conductive member comprises any conductivecomponent that is longer than it is wide. For example, the elongatedconductive member includes the wire 102. For the sake of example andexplanation, the elongated conductive member may also be referred to asthe wire 102; however, one will appreciate the wire 102 is a subset ofpossible elongated conductive members. For example, the elongatedconductive member may also comprise a catheter.

The “wire” of the guidewire system 100 refers to the solid wire elementthat forms the backbone of the guidewire system 100. The term “wire”,when used in the context of the guidewire system 100, is thereforeintended to refer to a structure that has sufficient characteristics oftorqueability, pushability, and stiffness/flexibility to be navigablewithin a body (e.g., capable of being positioned within an intraluminalspace such as the vasculature). Such a “wire” element is sometimesreferred to in the art as a “core”, “core wire”, or the like. This typeof “wire” is therefore intended to be distinguished from smaller, lessstructured elements such as traces or leads that are capable of carryingan electrical signal but lack sufficient structure to be effectivelynavigated and positioned within the body to reach targeted anatomy. Asan example, a “wire” suitable for use as part of the guidewire system100 can have an average outside diameter of at least about 0.003 inches,or about 0.005 inches, or about 0.008 inches, or about 0.010 inches. Inanother example, a “wire” suitable for use as part of the guidewiresystem 100 can have yield strength above 10 ksi, or more preferablyabove 30 ksi, or more preferably above 50 ksi, or more preferably above100 ksi, or more preferably above 150 ksi, or more preferably above 200ksi, or more preferably above 250 ksi, such as 300 ksi. Additionally, oralternatively, the “wire” suitable for use as part of the guidewiresystem 100 can have a shear modulus above 6.7 msi, or more preferablyabove 8 msi, or more preferably above 10 msi, such as about 12 msi.Additionally, or alternatively, the “wire” suitable for use as part ofthe guidewire system 100 can have a modulus of elasticity of above 16msi, or more preferably above 20 msi, or more preferably above 25 msi,such as about 30 msi.

The wire 102 of the guidewire system 100 is configured for insertioninto the body of a subject. The subject is typically a human, but inother implementations may be a non-human mammal or even non-mammaliananimal. Any suitable route of administration may be utilized, dependingon particular preferences and/or application needs. Common routesinclude femoral, radial, and jugular, but the guidewire system 100 mayutilized other access routes as needed.

Although many of the examples described herein relate to use of theguidewire system 100 or the catheter system 200 (see FIG. 2) in relationto intravascular procedures (e.g., cardiovascular or neurovascular), itwill be understood that the described systems may be utilized in othermedical applications as well. Other medical applications where thesystems described herein may be utilized include, for example,applications involving access of the lymphatic, urinary/renal,gastrointestinal, reproductive, hepatic, or respiratory systems.

The proximal device 104 is shown here as a hemostatic valve, though inother embodiments the proximal device 104 may include additional oralternative forms. The proximal device 104 may also be referred toherein as the “power and data coupling device 104” or simply the“coupling device 104”.

The wire 102 has a proximal portion 106 and a distal portion 108. Thelength of the wire 102 may vary according to particular applicationneeds and targeted anatomical area. As an example, the wire 102 may havean overall length from proximal portion 106 to distal portion 108 ofabout 50 cm to about 350 cm, more commonly about 200 cm, depending onparticular application needs and/or particular anatomical targets. Thewire 102 may have a size such that the outer diameter (e.g., afterapplication of other outer members) is about 0.008 inches to about 0.040inches, though larger or smaller sizes may also be utilized depending onparticular application needs. For example, particular embodiments mayhave outer diameter sizes corresponding to standard guidewire sizes suchas 0.010 inches, 0.014 inches, 0.016 inches, 0.018 inches, 0.024 inches,0.035 inches, 0.038 inches, or other such sizes common to guidewiredevices. The wire 102 may be formed from stainless steel or other metalor alloy having appropriate mechanical properties. Additionally oralternatively, the wire 102 may be formed from an electricallyconductive material of appropriate mechanical properties.

The coupling device 104 may also include or be associated with atransmitter to enable wireless communication between the guidewiresystem 100 and an external device 110 (or multiple such externaldevices). In alternative embodiments, the guidewire system 100 andexternal device 110 may be connected via a wired connection.

The external device 110 may be a hand-held device, such as a mobilephone, tablet, or lap-top computer. Although exemplary embodiments aredescribed herein as using hand-held or mobile devices as the externaldevices 110, it will be understood that this is not necessary, and otherembodiments may include other “non-mobile” devices such as a desktopcomputer, monitor, projector, or the like. In some embodiments, theexternal device 110 includes a mobile/hand-held device and additionallyincludes a desktop device or other non-mobile device. For example, amobile device may be configured to receive transmitted data from thetransmitter and function as a bridge by further sending the data to thenon-mobile computer system. This may be useful in a situation where thephysician would like the option of viewing data on a mobile device butmay need to have the data additionally or alternatively passed ormirrored on a larger monitor such as when both hands are preoccupied(e.g., while handling the guidewire system 100).

The external device 110 of the guidewire system 100 may assist thephysician in determining a position of the distal tip of the wire 102within a vessel or other targeted anatomy of the human body. In thismanner, the physician can appropriately position the wire 102 while alsoobtaining data of various parameters at the targeted anatomy so that thephysician can better understand the relevant environment and makeappropriate decisions while treating a patient.

The wireless system(s) may include, for example, a personal area network(PAN) (e.g., ultra-high frequency radio wave communication such asBluetooth®, ZigBee®, BLE, NFC), a local area network (LAN) (e.g., WIFI),or a wide area network (WAN) (e.g., cellular network such as 3G, LTE,5G). Wireless data transmission may additionally or alternativelyinclude the use of light signals (infrared, visible radio, with orwithout the use of fiber optic lines), such as radiofrequency (RF)sensors, infrared signaling, or other means of wireless datatransmission.

As used herein, “electrical signals” and “signals” both refer generallyto any signal within a disclosed system, device, or method. Whereas,“sensor data signal,” “sensor signal,” or “data signal” refers to anysignal that carries commands or information generated by a medicaldevice, such as a medical sensor. In contrast, “power signal” or “energysignal” refers to any signal that provides power to a medical device,such as a sensor. In some cases, a “signal” may comprise both a datasignal and a power signal.

Processing of sensor data signals may be fully or primarily carried outat the external device 110, or alternatively may be at least partiallycarried out at one or more other external devices communicativelyconnected to the external device 110, such as at a remote server ordistributed network. Additionally or alternatively, sensor data signalsmay be processed at the coupling device 104, on the wire 102, or at somecombination of devices within the guidewire system 100. Sensor datasignals may include, for example, image data, location data, and/orvarious types of sensor data (as related to fluid flow, fluid pressure,presence/levels of various gases or biological components, temperature,other physical parameters, and the like).

As explained in greater detail below, one or more sensors may be coupledto the wire 102, and the one or more sensors can operate to send datasignals through the wire 102 to the coupling device 104. Additionally,or alternatively, the coupling device 104 may operate to send power orsignals to the one or more sensors.

FIG. 2 is an overview of a catheter system 200 that may incorporate oneor more of the features described herein. The catheter system 200 may besimilar to the guidewire system 100 in many respects, and the abovedescription related to the guidewire system 100 is also applicable hereexcept where differences are specified.

The catheter system 200 includes a catheter 202 and a proximal device204 (which may also be referred to herein as “the power and datacoupling device 204” or just “the coupling device 204”). The couplingdevice 204 includes a control unit 212 (shown enlarged and in schematicform) that includes a power source 214, data signal processor 216, andoptionally a transmitter 218. The transmitter 218 enables wirelesscommunication to the external device 110 (or multiple such devices) asdescribed above with respect to FIG. 1. As used herein, the catheter 202may also be referred to as a type of elongated conductive member.

The data signal processor 216 is configured to receive sensor datasignals, sent through the catheter 202, from one or more sensors 220associated with the catheter 202. The power source 214 is configured totransmit power through the catheter 202 to power the one or more sensors220 and/or other components of the catheter 202. The power source 214may include an on-board power source, such as a battery or battery pack,and/or may include a wired connection to an outside power source. Theone or more sensors 220 may be located at any suitable position on thecatheter 202 but will typically be disposed at the distal section of thecatheter 202 expected to reach the targeted anatomy. Sensors 220 may becoupled to the catheter 202 by employing bonding, molding, co-extrusion,welding and/or gluing techniques, for example.

Power lines and/or data lines 201 extend along the length of thecatheter 202 to the one or more sensors 220. As used herein, a “powerline” and/or “data line” refer to any electrically conductive pathway(e.g., traces) within the medical device. Although multiple power and/ordata lines 201 may be utilized, preferred embodiments are configured tosend both power and data on a single line and/or manage sensor datasignals from multiple sensors on a single line. This reduces the numberof lines that must be routed through the structure of the catheter 202and more effectively utilizes the limited space of the device, as wellas reducing the complexity of the device and the associated risk ofdevice failure.

The proximal device 204 may include one or more ports to facilitate theintroduction of fluids (e.g., medications, nutrients) into the catheter202. The catheter 202 may be sized and configured to be temporarilyinserted in the body, permanently implanted in the body, or configuredto deliver an implant in the body. In one embodiment, the catheter 202is a peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) line, typicallyplaced in the arm or leg of the body to access the vascular system ofthe body. The catheter 202 may also be a central venous catheter, an IVcatheter, coronary catheter, stent delivery catheter, balloon catheter,atherectomy type catheter, or IVUS catheter or other imaging catheter.The catheter 202 may be a single-lumen or multi-lumen catheter.

FIG. 3A provides another view of the guidewire system 100 of FIG. 1. Theguidewire system 100 shares certain features with the catheter system200, and the description of common parts is therefore applicable to theguidewire system 100 as well. As shown, the guidewire system 100includes a control unit 112 (shown enlarged and in schematic form) thatincludes a power source 114, data signal processor 116, and optionally atransmitter 118. The transmitter 118 enables wireless communication tothe external device 110 (or multiple such devices) as described above.

The data signal processor 116 is configured to receive sensor datasignals, sent through the wire 102, from one or more sensors 121associated with the wire 102. The power source 114 is configured totransmit power through the wire 102 to power the one or more sensors 121and/or other components of the wire 102. The power source 114 mayinclude an on-board power source, such as a battery or battery pack,and/or may include a wired connection to an outside power source. Theone or more sensors 121 may be located at any suitable position on thewire 102 but will typically be disposed at the distal section expectedto reach the targeted anatomy. As used herein, the “distal section” or“distal portion” refers to the distal-most 30 cm of the device, thedistal-most 20 cm of the device, the distal-most 15 cm of the device,the distal-most 10 cm of the device, or to a range using any two of theforegoing values as endpoints. In some embodiments, the “intermediatesection” may be considered as roughly the middle third of the device,and the “proximal section” or “proximal portion” may be considered asroughly the proximal third of the device.

Unlike the catheter system 200, the guidewire system 100 is configuredto send these power and data signals through the actual wire 102 itself.In some embodiments, multiple power and/or data signals (e.g., datasignals from multiple sensors 121) can be sent through the wire 102simultaneously. Power and/or data signals can also be sent in a“continuous” fashion. That is, the power and/or data signals can have asufficiently high sampling rate such that the information is provided tothe user within time frames that are practically “real-time”. For mostapplications, this will include sampling rates of approximately 5seconds or less, 3 seconds or less, 1 second or less, or sub-secondsampling rates.

Using the wire 102 itself to send power and/or data signals through thedevice provides several benefits. For example, using the wire 102 totransmit these signals reduces or eliminates the need to run otherconnection lines along the wire 102 to connect the sensors 121 to theproximal portion and/or to deliver power to the sensors. Given the factthat guidewires inherently involve strict dimensional and performance(e.g., torqueability, bending, pushability, stiffness, etc.) limitationsand have limited space to work in, the ability to reduce or eliminateextraneous components frees up limited space and allows greater designflexibility. Reducing or eliminating the use of additional connectionlines also reduces the overall complexity of the device and therebyreduces the risk of component failure, leading to a more robustlyfunctional device.

Additional Sensor Details

The one or more sensors 121 of the guidewire system 100 and/or the oneor more sensors 121 of the catheter system 200 may include a pressuresensor, flow sensor, imaging sensor, or a component detection sensor,for example. A pressure sensor (or multiple pressure sensors) may besized and configured to sense changes in pressure in the environment. Aflow sensor (or multiple flow sensors) may be sized and configured tosense the fluid flow, such as velocity or other flow characteristics. Adetection sensor (or multiple detection sensors) may detect a proximityor distance to one or more detection nodes positioned external relativeto the body. An imaging sensor may gather various forms of imaging data.

The one or more sensors may additionally or alternatively be configuredto sense the presence of substrates or measure physiological parametersin the targeted anatomical location (e.g., in the blood). Examplebiological components that may be detected/measured include sugarlevels, pH levels, CO₂ levels (CO₂ partial pressure, bicarbonatelevels), oxygen levels (oxygen partial pressure, oxygen saturation),temperature, and other such substrates and physiological parameters. Theone or more sensors may be configured to sense the presence, absence, orlevels of biological components such as, for example, immunesystem-related molecules (e.g., macrophages, lymphocytes, T cells,natural killer cells, monocytes, other white blood cells, etc.),inflammatory markers (e.g., C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, amyloidA, cytokines, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, ceruloplasmin, hepcidin,haptoglobin, etc.), platelets, hemoglobin, ammonia, creatinine,bilirubin, homocysteine, albumin, lactate, pyruvate, ketone bodies, ionand/or nutrient levels (e.g., glucose, urea, chloride, sodium,potassium, calcium, iron/ferritin, copper, zinc, magnesium, vitamins,etc.), hormones (e.g., estradiol, follicle-stimulating hormone,aldosterone, progesterone, luteinizing hormone, testosterone, thyroxine,thyrotropin, parathyroid hormone, insulin, glucagon, cortisol,prolactin, etc.), enzymes (e.g., amylase, lactate dehydrogenase, lipase,creatine kinase), lipids (e.g., triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, LDLcholesterol), tumor markers (e.g., alpha fetoprotein, beta humanchorionic gonadotrophin, carcinoembryonic antigen, prostate specificantigen, calcitonin), and/or toxins (e.g., lead, ethanol).

Unless stated otherwise, when reference is made to sensors (eithergenerically or to a specific type of sensor) it should be understood tobe inclusive of the supporting electronics as well. Supportingelectronics may include, for example, power regulators, converters,signal amplifiers, processing components such as application-specifiedintegrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), andthe like. The supporting electronics of the one or more sensors 121 arepreferably positioned near the one or more sensors 121 themselves (e.g.,at the distal section on a substrate). This was beneficially found toreduce signal drift as compared to placing the supporting electronics atthe proximal sections of the device. Placing the supporting electronics(e.g., ASICs) on the distal portion near the sensors 121, and using thewire 102 itself as the means of transmitting data signals to theproximal end, provides effective signal transmission without thesignificant drift problems of other approaches.

Guidewire Sensor Arrangement & Distal Features

FIG. 3B illustrates an expanded view of the distal section of theguidewire system 100 of FIG. 3A, showing various sensors arrangedthereon. In this embodiment, the one or more sensors 121, 220 includemultiple pressure sensors 120 and ultrasound sensors 122. These sensorsare positioned on a substrate 124 and the substrate 124 is positioned onthe wire 102 in a manner that places the sensors at their respectivedesired positions. The substrate 124 may be made of a somewhat flexiblematerial (e.g., a suitable medical grade polymer) that allows wrapping,winding, or otherwise positioning the substrate 124 onto the wire 102.The substrate 124 also includes flexible circuitry such as trace linesand/or one or more conductive contacts to couple the sensors to theunderlying wire 102. The substrate 124 can form a friction fit with thewire 102 and can additionally or alternatively be mechanically bonded tothe wire 102.

Coupling the sensors to the substrate 124 and then placing the substrate124 on the wire 102 provides several benefits. For example, thesubstrate 124 can be spread into what is essentially a 2-dimensionallayout, which makes it much easier to appropriately position thesensors. The 2-dimensional substrate 124, with sensors coupled thereto,can then be placed on the 3-dimensional cylindrical shape of the wire102 more readily than placing each sensor separately onto the wire 102.In particular, it is easier to ensure that the various sensors areappropriately positioned relative to one another on the substrate 124and then to position the substrate 124 onto the wire 102 than to attemptto control relative spacing of each sensor on the 3-dimensionalcylindrical shape of the wire 102. One will appreciate, however, that inat least one embodiment, the various sensors can be directly placed onthe 3-dimensional wire 102 without the benefit of a 2-dimensionalsubstrate 124. Alternatively, the various sensors can be placed on thesubstrate after the substrate has been applied to the 3-dimensional wire102.

The illustrated embodiment also includes an outer member 126 (shown herewith dashed lines) that can be positioned over the sensor-containingportion of the wire 102. The outer member 126 may be formed from asuitable medical grade polymer (e.g., polyethylene terephthalate (PET)or polyether block amide (PEBA)). The outer member 126 can function tofurther constrain and maintain position of the sensors and/or to smoothover the outer surface for a more uniform outer diameter. The outermember 126 may be applied by shrink-fitting a tube in place, by dipcoating, and/or through other manufacturing methods known in the art. Ahydrophilic coating may also be added to the outer surface of thedevice.

FIG. 3C illustrates another, schematic view of the distal section of theguidewire system 100 shown in FIG. 3A, showing multiple pressure sensors120 and multiple ultrasound sensors 122 disposed on the substrate 124,which is positioned on the wire 102. As shown, the distal-most sectionof the device can also include a coil 128 and/or atraumatic tip 130. Thecoil 128 may be a single coil or multiple connected or interwoven coils.Additionally, or alternatively, a polymer material may be positioned onor applied to the distal section of the wire 102. The atraumatic tip 130forms a sphere or other curved shape to protect against trauma caused bythe distal portion of the wire 102. The atraumatic tip 130 may be formedfrom a polymer adhesive material or solder, for example.

As shown, the wire 102 can include a grind profile such that more distalsections of the wire 102 progress to smaller diameters. For typicalguidewire sizes (e.g., 0.014 inches, 0.018 inches, 0.024 inches), thewire 102 may progress to a diameter of about 0.002 inches at the distalend. The distal end of the wire 102 may also be flattened to form astandard “ribbon” shape.

The illustrated embodiment also includes an energy harvester 132. Theenergy harvester is configured to convert power signals traveling withinthe wire 102 into regulated DC voltages suitable for the sensors. In atleast one embodiment, the power signals traveling through the wire 102comprise AC power signals that are passed from the power and datacoupling device 104 to the wire 102. The energy harvester 132 can alsoprovide other electrical regulation functions such as cutting power tothe sensors during a fault or brownout, for example. Additionally, asused herein and unless specified otherwise, the energy harvester 132 isconsidered a subcomponent of the one or more sensors 121. As such,unless stated otherwise, references to the one or more sensors 121 alsorefer to the associated circuitry, such as the energy harvester 132.

Additionally, in at least one embodiment, the energy harvester isconfigured to provide control functions for the one or more sensors 121.For example, a particular signal can be communicated from the power anddata coupling device 104 to the energy harvester. The particular signalmay comprise a chirp, an impulse function, or some signal at aparticular frequency channel. The energy harvester maps the particularsignal to a predetermined command and then acts upon that predeterminedcommand. For example, a particular signal may map to a command to cut DCpower to one or more rails that are powering one or more sensors. Assuch, upon receiving the particular signal, the energy harvester stopsproviding power to the one or more sensors causing the one or moresensors to turn off. Any number of different signals may be mapped toany number of different commands. Additionally, in at least oneembodiment, a circuit other than the energy harvester receives,interprets, and/or acts upon the signals.

The length of the wire 102 that includes the substrate 124 (and thusincludes sensors) may be about 3 cm to about 30 cm, or more typicallyabout 5 cm to about 15 cm, though these lengths may be varied accordingto particular application needs. As explained below with respect to theexample of FIGS. 4A through 4D, in preferred embodiments the length ofthe sensor arrangement substantially spans the expected length oflesions/stenoses or other target anatomy. The linear arrangement ofpressure sensors 120 can be utilized to provide pressure mapping attargeted anatomy without the need to move the wire 102. Multiplemeasurements from multiple sensors may be conducted simultaneouslyand/or continuously. The arrangement of pressure sensors 120 can also beutilized to measure pulse wave velocity (PWV) (e.g., by determining aseries of wave peaks and measuring time between peaks) and/or to providespatial tracking of a pulse waveform.

Methods of Localization within Target Anatomy

FIGS. 4A through 4D illustrate a sequence showing use of the guidewiresystem 100 to effectively guide positioning and deployment of a medicaldevice at a targeted anatomical location. In this particular example,the guidewire system 100 is used to properly position a stent 406 at atargeted stenosis 404.

FIG. 4A shows the wire 102 with pressure sensors 120 (other componentsremoved for better visibility) positioned within a vessel 402. The wire102 is routed through the vessel 402 to a position where the arrangementof pressure sensors 120 span or at least substantially coincide with thestenosis 404. The linear arrangement of the pressure sensors 120 allowsthe wire 102 to be effectively positioned coincident with the stenosis404 because the stenosis 404 will cause pressure differences at thatportion of the vessel 402, and the user can advance the wire 102 untilthose pressure differences are read by the sensors 120. For example,where the vessel 402 is a coronary artery, the pressure distal of thestenosis 404 will be somewhat lower than the pressure proximal of thestenosis 404. The wire 102 can be advanced until one or more of thedistal-most pressure sensors reach the region of different pressure(e.g., somewhat lower pressure in a coronary vessel stenosis).

The stent 406 is then delivered over the wire 102 toward the stenosis404. The position of the stent 406 relative to the wire 102 can bedetermined based on readings from the pressure sensors 120. For example,as the stent 406 is moved distally it will sequentially begin to passover the pressure sensors 120, causing a change in the pressure readingof the sensors and thereby allowing the user to determine the positionof the stent 406 relative to the wire 102.

FIG. 4B shows the stent 406 positioned farther within the vessel 402 toits target location. The delivery catheter 408 is also shown. For stentdelivery applications such as shown here, the delivery catheter 408 maybe a balloon catheter, or the stent 406 may be a self-expanding stent.Other stent types and stent delivery means as known in the art may beutilized. Proper positioning of the stent 406 is possible because theposition of the wire 102 relative to the stenosis 404 is known basedupon readings received from the pressure sensors 120. Additionally,determining where the stent 406 is positioned relative to the wire 102thus allows determination of the position of the stent 406 relative tothe stenosis 404.

Once the stent 406 is determined to be in the proper position relativeto the target stenosis 404, the stent 406 may be deployed as shown inFIG. 4C. After deployment, the wire 102 may remain in place for a timeduring post-stent assessment. The wire 102 may then be retracted fromthe vessel 402, leaving the stent 406 in place as shown in FIG. 4D.

Due to the sensors positioned along the length of the wire 102, theguidewire system 100 can therefore provide a localized reference frame(i.e., a reference frame within the localized anatomy of the target) forguiding positioning of a medical device. This is beneficial because thetarget anatomy is not always static. In vasculature applications, forexample, heartbeats cause the vessel to constantly move. The localizedreference frame defined by the distal section of the guidewire system100 moves substantially with the target anatomy in which it is placed,removing many positioning complications and thereby improving theability to position stents and/or other medical devices.

This localized reference frame is also relatively stable because thewire 102 does not need to be moved to make sequential measurements.Additionally, the sensors 120 are able to continuously andsimultaneously provide sensor data signals during the placement of thestent, or other medical device. This allows a medical practitioner toguide the stent, or other medical device, in real time to the desiredposition within the body. That is, the linear arrangement of the sensors120 allows multiple measurements without the need to “pull back” thewire 102 to make measurements in other positions. Moreover, as describedabove, the system may be configured to provide multiple measurementsfrom multiple sensors simultaneously, eliminating the need to even do a“virtual pull back” of sequential measurements along the length ofsensors.

The procedure illustrated in FIGS. 4A through 4D is one example of usingthe guidewire system 100 for localization within target anatomy. Theguidewire system 100 and/or catheter system 200 may be utilized in otherapplications where the localization features of the system would bebeneficial. For example, localization features described herein may beutilized to aid in proper placement of a PICC catheter or central venouscatheter at a targeted site such as the cavoatrial junction.

The Elongated Conductive Member as a Power and Data Conductive Path

FIG. 5 illustrates an extension wire 500 being added to the wire 102. Invarious use cases, it may be necessary to extend the wire 102 in orderto better position and/or manipulate the wire 102 within a patient'sbody. The depicted extension wire 500 may be coupled to the wire 102through any number of different physical couplings, including, but notlimited to, a threaded connection, a magnetic connection, a press-fitconnection, a snap connection, or an adhesive connection.

In at least one embodiment, the resulting physical coupling results in acontinuous conductive pathway from the extension wire 500 to the wire102. As such, due to at least the physical coupling and the electricalcoupling, both the extension wire 500 and the wire 102 may be jointlyconsidered and referred to as the “wire 102.” More specifically,electrical signals applied to the extension wire 500 will propagate fromthe extension wire 500 to the wire 102. Accordingly, unless statedotherwise, all descriptions of the wire 102 provided herein also applywhen an extension wire 500 is attached to the wire 102. Additionally, itwill be appreciated that any elongated conductive member disclosedherein may comprises multiple extensions that are removably attached toeach other.

In at least one embodiment, the guidewire system 100 comprises a medicaldevice system for concurrent power and data transfer. In particular, theguidewire system 100 may comprise a type of elongated conductive member.As used herein, the elongated conductive member comprises a proximalportion and a distal portion. At least a portion of the elongatedconductive member is configured for insertion within an intraluminalspace. Additionally, both the proximal portion and the distal portion ofelongated conductive member may be electrically conductive.

In at least one embodiment, the elongated conductive member comprises asingle conductive pathway extending from the proximal portion to thedistal portion. For instance, the single conductive pathway may comprisea stainless-steel wire 102 within the guidewire system 100. Additionallyor alternatively, the elongated conductive member comprises multipleconductive pathways extending from the proximal portion to the distalportion. For instance, the catheter system 200 may comprise multiplewires integrated within the structure of the catheter 202. Additionally,in at least one embodiment, the elongated conductive member comprises afirst conductive pathway for use as a power channel and a secondconductive pathway for user as a signal channel, both the firstconductive pathway and the second conductive pathway extending from theproximal portion to the distal portion.

As used herein, the elongated conductive member comprises any conductivecomponent that is longer than it is wide. For example, the elongatedconductive member includes the wire 102. For the sake of example andexplanation, the elongated conductive member may also be referred to asthe wire 102; however, one will appreciate the wire 102 is a subset ofpossible elongated conductive members. For example, the elongatedconductive member may also comprise catheter 202.

As described above, one or more sensors 121 may be in electricalconnection with the elongated conductive member. Additionally, themedical device, which includes the elongated conductive member, may alsocomprise one or more electrical components that are physicallyconfigured such that when activated, the one or more electricalcomponents cause the medical device system to perform various actions.As used herein, the one or more electrical components may comprisediscrete circuit components, digital circuit components, analog circuitcomponents, processor(s), or any combination thereof. The one or moreelectrical components may be integrated within control unit 112 or 212,within the external device 110, and/or on the elongated conductivemember. Activating the one or more electrical components may compriseproviding power to the one or more electrical components.

In at least one embodiment, the one or more electrical components causethe medical device system to allocate a signal space into a plurality ofunique contiguous segments. Each segment within the signal spacecomprises a portion of the signal space that may be used for thepurposes of communicating data, power, or other information. The signalspace may comprise a frequency-domain space, a time-domain space, or anyother space capable of carrying a signal. Additionally, allocating thesignal space may comprise dynamically identifying signal channels ofinterest. Alternatively, allocating the signal space may compriseproviding electrical components that are configured to statically definethe signal space.

For example, FIGS. 6A and 6B illustrate different embodiments of anelectrical schematic diagram of the medical device. FIG. 7 illustrateschannels configured for utilization by the medical device. In at leastone embodiment, the one or more electrical components uniquely allocateeach of the plurality of unique contiguous segments to one of (i) one ormore power channels or (ii) one or more signal channels. In at least oneembodiment, uniquely allocating refers to each contiguous segment beingallocated as either a power channel or a signal channel. In someembodiments, there may be multiple power channels and multiple signalchannels.

FIG. 6A depicts a schematic of a frequency-based medical device system.In particular, the one or more electrical components cause the medicaldevice system to allocate a signal space into the plurality of uniquecontiguous segments by designating a plurality of unique contiguousregions of frequency (e.g., 710(a-e)). The one or more electricalcomponents further cause the medical device system to uniquely allocateeach of the plurality of unique contiguous regions of frequency to oneof (i) the one or more power channels or (ii) the one or more signalchannels.

FIG. 6B depicts a schematic of a time-based medical device system. Inparticular, the one or more electrical components cause the medicaldevice system to allocate a signal space into the plurality of uniquecontiguous segments by designating a plurality of unique contiguous timeslots (e.g., 710(a-e)). The one or more electrical components furthercause the medical device system to uniquely allocate each of theplurality of unique contiguous time slots to one of (i) the one or morepower channels or (ii) the one or more signal channels.

FIG. 7 illustrates that the signal space 700 may comprise multipleunique contiguous segments in the form of multiple frequency channels710(a-e). Each frequency channel may be allocated as a power channel forproviding power to the electronic devices located on the elongatedconductive member or may be allocated as a signal channel for receivingdata from the electronic devices on the elongated conductive member. Inat least one embodiment, the electronic devices comprise sensors 121.

Additionally or alternatively, the signal space 700 may comprisemultiple unique contiguous segments in the form of time slots 710(a-e).Each time slot may be defined based on a clock. Additionally, each timeslot may be allocated as a power channel for providing power toelectronic devices located on the elongated conductive member or may beallocated as a signal channel for receiving data from the electronicdevices on the elongated conductive member.

For example, FIGS. 6A and 6B depict an elongated conductive member 600that is coupled to a power source 610. The power source 610 may beconfigured to send electrical signals, via the elongated conductivemember 600, to one or more sensors 121(a-c) that are in electricalconnection with the elongated conductive member 600. In particular, thepower source 610 may send AC electrical signals within a particularunique contiguous segment, such as frequency channel 710 a. In at leastone embodiment, the elongated conductive member 600 is capacitivelycoupled to the power source 610 such that no direct physical contact ispresent between the elongated conductive member 600 and the power source610. Alternatively, in at least one embodiment, a direct physicalcontact may be present between the elongated conductive member 600 andthe power source 610.

Returning now to FIG. 3C, an elongated conductive member, in the form ofthe wire 102, is shown to include an energy harvester 132. As usedherein, an energy harvester 132 refers to an electronic circuit that isconfigured to harvest energy from an allocated power channel. Inparticular, an energy harvester 132 may comprise an electronic circuitto harvest energy from the electrical signals within at least one of theone or more power channels—in this example, frequency channel 710 a. Theharvested energy is then provided to the at least one of the one or moresensors 121.

In at least one embodiment, the power source 610 transmits energy withinthe at least one of the one or more power channels and provides power toall of the one or more sensors 121 through the at least one of the oneor more power channels. As such, each sensor of the one or more sensorsharvests energy from the particular unique contiguous segment of thesignal space that is represented by the at least one of the one or morepower channels.

Additionally or alternatively, in at least one embodiment, the powersource 610 transmits energy within a first power channel of the one ormore power channels (e.g., 710 a), wherein the first power channel ofthe one or more power channels comprises a first unique contiguoussegment of the signal space. Additionally, the power source 610transmits energy within a second power channel of the one or more powerchannels (e.g., 710 b), wherein the second power channel of the one ormore power channels comprises a second unique contiguous segment of thesignal space. The elongated conductive member 600 then provides energyto a first subset of the one or more sensors through the first powerchannel of the one or more power channel. Each sensor of the firstsubset of the one or more sensors is configured to harvest energy fromthe first unique contiguous segment of the signal space. Similarly, theelongated conductive member 600 provides energy to a second subset ofthe one or more sensors through the second power channel of the one ormore power channels. Each sensor of second subset of the one or moresensors is configured to harvest energy from the second uniquecontiguous segment of the signal space.

Accordingly, in at least one embodiment, the elongated conductive member600 provides different sets of sensors power through independent powerchannels. This provides a user with the ability to selectively activateall of the sensors simultaneously or to only activate subsets of thesensors at different times. Additionally, the one or more sensors maycomprise at least a first sensor of a first type and a second sensor ofa second, different type. Accordingly, in at least one embodiment, auser can activate sensors based upon sensor type. As disclosed herein,this selective control of the sensors and communication with the sensorsmay be performed over a single conductive path, such as wire 102.

Once at least one sensor from the one or more sensors 121 begins toreceive the harvested energy, the at least one sensor will begin togenerate data signals based upon readings received by the at least onesensor. FIG. 6A depicts a set of sensors 121(a-c) that each transmitalong the elongated conductive member 600 at a particular frequency. Forexample, sensor 121 a is added to frequency f₀ and then summed with anyother data signals that are each in their own frequency. One willappreciate that his system allows multiple data signals to becommunicated simultaneously in parallel via the elongated conductivemember 600.

Additionally, FIG. 6A shows that the one or more electrical componentscause the medical device system to isolate transmitted data signals fromat least one of the one or more signal channels. As stated above, thedata signals are transmitted via the elongated conductive member 600 andgenerated by the one or more sensors 121(a-c). The elongated conductivemember 600 is also coupled with a power and data coupling device 630(also referred to as a proximal device 204 in FIG. 2). In at least oneembodiment, the elongated conductive member 600 is capacitively coupledto the power and data coupling device 630 such that no physicalconnection is present between the elongated conductive member 600 andthe power and data coupling device 630. Alternatively, in at least oneembodiment, a physical connection may be present between the elongatedconductive member 600 and the power and data coupling device 630.

The power and data coupling device 630 comprises multiple frequencyfilters 632(a-c) that allow it to isolate the respective data signalsthat are communicated along the elongated conductive member 600. Each ofthe multiple frequency filters 632(a-c) may also function as anamplifier that is configured to amplify the data signals. Additionallyor alternatively, in at least one embodiment, the power and datacoupling device 630 isolates multiple transmitted data signals inparallel. Each data signal from the multiple data signals is associatedwith a different unique contiguous region of frequency selected from theplurality of unique contiguous regions of frequency. The power and datacoupling device 630 further comprises a transmitter 640 that isconfigured to communicate the isolated data signals to the externaldevice 110 for display and/or processing.

FIG. 6B depicts a set of sensors 121(a-c) that each transmit along theelongated conductive member 600 within a time slot. For example, eachsensor 121(a-c) communicates data signals via the elongated conductivemember 600 at a particular time slot that is determined by a clocksignal 650 a. Additionally, FIG. 6B shows that the elongated conductivemember 600 is also coupled with a power and data coupling device 630.The power and data coupling device 630 comprises a filter 660 that is incommunication with a clock 650 b, which clock is synchronized with clock650 a. The combination of the synchronized clocks 650 a, 650 b and thefilter 660 allow the power and data coupling device 630 to isolate thedata signals within each respective time slot. The power and datacoupling device 630 further comprises a transmitter 640 that isconfigured to communicate the isolated data signals to the externaldevice 110 for display and/or processing.

The Power and Data Coupling Device

FIGS. 8A-8D depict various embodiments of a power and data couplingdevice 104. In these particular depicted embodiments, the power and datacoupling device comprises a hemostatic valve. However, in view of thedisclosure provided herein, one will appreciate that a standard valve,or other in-line component (that doesn't necessarily include a valve),can provide similar functionality and structure. As used herein, thepower and data coupling device comprises a device that transmits powerand data from a first conductive surface to a second conductive surfacethrough electric fields. Additionally, the power and data couplingdevice 104 may provide power and receive data signals from sensorsdisposed on a medical device.

For example, the power and data coupling device may be capacitivelycoupled with a medical device, such as wire 102. The capacitive couplingallows the power and data coupling device to provide power to themedical device and to receive and/or transmit data signals to themedical device. In particular, in at least one embodiment, the firstconductive surface is not in physical contact with the second conductivesurface. Though, one will appreciate, in at least one embodiment thefirst conductive surface may be in physical contact with the secondconductive surface.

As described above, the lack of direct physical contact between thefirst conductive surface and the second conductive surface allowsmedical practitioner to translate a second elongated conductive member,such as stent, over or adjacent to a second conductive surface, such asa wire 102 in a guidewire system 100. Additionally, the capacitivecoupling between the first conductive surface and the second conductivesurface allows an external device 110 to continue receiving the signalswhile the second elongated conductive member (e.g., the stent) ispositioned between the first conductive surface and the secondconductive surface (e.g., the wire 102).

For example, FIG. 8B depicts a cross-sectional view of a power and datacoupling device 104. The depicted power and data coupling device 104 maycomprise a first conductive surface 800 a integrated into the power anddata coupling device 104 and configured to couple via an electric fieldwith a second conductive surface. The coupling via the electric fieldmay comprise a capacitive coupling.

For example, FIG. 8C depicts a second conductive surface 830 in the formof a wire 102. As described above, a guidewire system 100 may comprise aconductive wire 102. Similarly, FIG. 8D depicts a second conductivesurface 840 in the form of a catheter 202. As described above, acatheter system 200 may comprise a catheter 202 with conductivecomponents, such as wire embedded within the catheter itself allowingthe first conductive surface 800 a to capacitively couple with thecatheter 202. In the depicted example, at least a portion of the secondconductive surface 834, 840 is encompassed by the first conductivesurface 800 a, but one will appreciate that such a configuration is notrequired for operation of the medical device as disclosed herein. Forexample, the first conductive surface 800 may enclose a portion of thesecond conductive surface 830, 840, may be adjacent to the secondconductive surface 830, 840, may be enclosed by the second conductivesurface 830, 840, or may otherwise be positioned with respect to thesecond conductive surface 830, 840 such that a capacitive couplingoccurs between the first conductive surface 800 and the secondconductive surface 830, 840. Additionally, one will appreciate that thewire 102 and the catheter 202 are only provided as examples of secondconductive surfaces, and that other medical devices may also be utilizedas second conductive surfaces.

In at least one embodiment, the second conductive surface 830, 840 maybe translatable with respect to the first conductive surface 800 a. Forexample, the wire 102 may be translatable with respect to both the firstconductive surface 800 a and the entire power and data coupling device104 such that the power and data coupling device 104 is able to providepower and data coupling the wire 102 while the wire 102 is beingtranslated. One will appreciate that such a feature allows the wire 102to be positioned and moved within a human body while the power and datacoupling device continues to provide power to and receive data signalsfrom the one or more sensors 121 on the wire 102.

As described above, the first conductive surface 800 a may be connectedto a power source for providing power, through the electric field, tothe second conductive surface. For example, FIG. 8B depicts a battery810 integrated within the power and data coupling device 104. Inadditional or alternative embodiments, the power and data couplingdevice 104 may be physically connected to a wired power source, such asan outlet. One will appreciate, though, that integrating a battery 810within the power and data coupling device 104 provide significantlybetter mobility and ease of use when using the power and data couplingdevice 104 during a medical procedure.

The first conductive surface 800 a may be configured to radiate atime-varying electric field that is configured to convey power to thesecond conductive surface 830, 840. For example, the first conductivesurface 800 a may capacitively couple with the second conductive surface830, 840 such that the first conductive surface 800 a induces a chargeon the second conductive surface 830, 840. The resulting capacitivecoupling can convey power, or energy, to the one or more sensors 121disposed on the wire 102.

Additionally, the first conductive surface 800 a may be connected to apick-up that is configured to receive signals from the second conductivesurface 830, 840. For example, FIG. 8B depicts a transmitter 820 that isin communication with the first conductive surface 800 a through apick-up. The transmitter 820 is able to receive data signals, throughthe pick-up, from the first conductive surface and transmit those datasignals to an external device 110. In at least one embodiment, thetransmitter 820 also comprises a signal collector that is configured toisolate the signals (also referred to as data signals) using the methodsdescribed above. Additionally or alternatively, the signal collector maybe located, at least in part, at the external device 110. Similarly, inat least one embodiment, the transmitter 820 also comprises one or moreprocessors configured to process the signals. Such processing maycomprise various signal processing and analysis of the signals.Additionally or alternatively, the one or more processors may belocated, at least in part, within the external device 110.

Disclosed embodiments provide for a highly versatile and innovativesolution for providing power to and receiving data signals from amedical device. For example, the first conductive surface 800 a may beconfigured to simultaneously (i) provide a power signal to the secondconductive surface 830, 840 and (ii) receive a data signal from thesecond conductive surface 830, 840. Further, the first conductivesurface 800 a may be configured to simultaneously (i) provide multiple,different power signals to the second conductive surface and (ii)receive multiple, different data signals from the second conductivesurface. Each power signal in the multiple, different power signals maybe configured to provide power to a different set of medical sensors,and each data signal in the multiple, different data signals may providedata from a different group of medical sensors.

As explained above with respect to FIGS. 6A and 6B, multiple differentsegments within the signal space may be allocated as power channels orsignal channels. The power and data coupling device 104 is able toselectively provide power to a particular power channel in order topower a particular set of sensors. Similarly, the power and datacoupling device 104 is able to receive, in parallel, real-time datasignals from the one or more sensors 121 that are being powered throughthe power channels.

FIGS. 8B-8D also show that first conductive surface may comprises aplurality of physically separate conductive surfaces 800 a, 800 b, 800c. One will appreciate that any of the physically separate conductivesurfaces 800 a, 800 b, 800 c may comprise a conductive surface in acapacitor and as such may be referred to as “the first conductivesurface.” In at least one embodiment, each conductive surface 800 a, 800b, 800 c selected from the plurality of physically separate conductivesurfaces may be configured to receive a data signal from a particular,different set of medical sensors 121. For example, in some circumstanceutilizing specific conductive surface 800 a, 800 b, 800 c for specificdata signals may allow for a lower signal-to-noise ratio.

Further, individual conductive surface 800 a, 800 b, 800 c may bespecifically designed for particular functions. For example, a firstconductive surface 800 a selected from the plurality of physicallyseparate conductive surfaces may be configured to provide power to atleast one medical sensor and a second conductive surface 800 b selectedfrom the plurality of physically separate conductive surfaces may beconfigured to receive a data signal from the at least one medicalsensor. Accordingly, the first conductive surface 800 a may bespecifically designed to provide power, while the second conductivesurface 800 b may be designed to receive data signals. Such designspecification may relate to the size of the individual surface, thematerial construction of the individual surface, and/or the shape of theindividual surface.

FIG. 8E depicts an embodiment of the power and data coupling device 104that encloses one or more elongated conductive members. In particular,the depicted embodiment shows a wire 102 and a catheter 202 enclosedwithin the power and data coupling device 104. In the depictedembodiment, the wire 102 may be coupled through a “rapid exchange”coupling with a catheter 202. The rapid exchange coupling comprises adistal portion of the catheter 202 enclosing the wire 102 and a proximalportion of the wire 102 running adjacent to a proximal portion of thecatheter 202. In an alternative embodiment, the wire 102 may be coupledthrough an over-the-wire (OTW) coupling with a catheter 202, such thecatheter 202 encloses the wire 102 at least from the power and datacoupling device 104 to the distal portion of the catheter 202. In eithercase, the power and data coupling device 104 is configured to couple toone or more of a conductive surface 830 in the wire 102 and/or aconductive surface 840 in the catheter 202.

In at least one embodiment, the catheter 202 may not comprise aconductive surface 840, while the wire 102 does comprise a conductivesurface. In such a case, the wire 102 may be configured to provideenergy to sensors that are disposed on the distal portion of thecatheter 202. Further, in at least one embodiment, multiple power anddata coupling devices 104 may be used during a single procedure suchthat a given elongated conductive member travels through multiple powerand data coupling devices 104 and/or multiple elongated conductivemembers travel through different power and data coupling devices 104.

FIG. 9 depicts another embodiment of a power and data coupling device104 in the form of a tube 900. In particular, FIG. 9 depicts aconductive tube 900 being used as the first conductive surface 800. Asignal input line 910 is connecting to the conductive tube 900 and canprovide power to the tube 900 and receive signals from the tube 900. Oneof skill in the art will appreciate that the conductive tube is providedonly as an example of a power and data coupling device 104. In variousadditional or alternative embodiments, the power and data couplingdevice 104 may comprise any device with a first conductive surface thatis configured to couple to a second conductive surface of a medicaldevice for the sake of providing power to the medical device and/orreceiving data signals from the medical device.

FIGS. 10A-10C depict embodiments of conductive surfaces 800 within apower and data coupling device 104. Similar to FIGS. 8A-8D, the powerand data coupling device 104 comprises a battery 810 and a transmitter820. However, in FIG. 10A, the outer shell has been removed from thepower and data coupling device 104. One will appreciate the depictedbattery 810 and transmitter 820 are shown in a simplified form for thesake of example.

As depicted in FIG. 10B, in at least one embodiment, the firstconductive surface 800 comprises a curl-shape. A power input line 1000is physically connected to a feed 1010 on the first conductive surface800. The power input line 1000 may both provide energy to the conductivesurface 800 and receives data signals from the first conductive surface800.

In at least one embodiment, the feed 1010 is sized such that itsubstantially matches an impedance of a coupling between the firstconductive surface 800 and a second conductive surface 830, 840. Onewill appreciate that the coupling between the first conductive surface800 and a second conductive surface 830, 840 may be defined, at least inpart, by the frequency of the signal applied by the power input line.For example, the power input line 1000 may provide a power signal to thefeed 1010 at a frequency of 40 MHz to 80 Mhz. It has been observed thatsuch a frequency range provides technical benefits relating to theefficiency with which power is provided to sensors attached to anelongated conductive member, such as a wire 102 or catheter 202. In atleast one embodiment, properly sizing the feed also provides significantbenefits in the efficiency with which energy can be provided by thepower input line 1000 to sensors attached to an elongated conductivemember.

In additional or alternative embodiments, the first conductive surface800 comprises any number of different shapes, including a ring with afeed 1010 extending from an outer surface of the ring. Additionally, inat least one embodiment, the feed 1010 may comprise non-planar surface,for example, ripples, in order to provide a greater surface area to thefeed 1010 while maintaining or decreasing the total distance that thefeed 1010 extends away from the first conductive surface 800.

FIG. 10C depicts an embodiment of a first conductive surface 800 thatcomprises a triangular shaped feed 1020 that is connected to the powerinput line 1000. In at least one embodiment, the triangular shaped feed1020 may increase the efficiency of the distribution of the energy fromthe power input line 1000 to the first conductive surface 800.

In at least one embodiment, the power and data coupling device 104comprises an indicator for indicating information relating to theoperation of the power and data coupling device 104 or the elongatedconductive member. The indicator may comprise a sound alert, a visualalert (e.g., a light), a communication to an external device thatperforms an alert function and/or any other type of alert. For example,the transmitter 820 may comprise some processing capability that candetect an interruption in power traveling through the power and datacoupling device 104 and/or a poor quality of data signals being receivedby the power and data coupling device 104. In such cases, the power anddata coupling device 104 may cause an indication of an alert to beissued in order to notify a user of the issue.

FIGS. 11A-11C depicts various signal schematic diagrams of the guidewiresystem 100. One will appreciate, however, that similar electricalcircuits could also be integrated into any elongated conductive member600, including a catheter 202. The schematic of FIG. 11A depicts acircuit for gathering and displaying arterial pressure. In particular,the arterial pressure 1102 is gathered by a capacitive pressure sensor1104, one will appreciate that any number of different pressure sensorstypes may alternatively be used. The capacitive pressure sensor 1104utilizes a capacitance-to-voltage converter 1106 to generate aparticular voltage based upon the particular capacitance that ismeasured by the capacitive pressure sensor 1104.

The particular voltage is processed through a voltage-controlledoscillator (“VCO”) 1108 to generate a particular waveform. Theparticular waveform is then transmitted via the elongated conductivemember 600 from the distal portion of the elongated conductive member600 to the proximal portion of the elongated conductive member 600. Inthis example, the elongated conductive member 600 comprises the wire 102within the guidewire system 100. In at least one embodiment, theparticular waveform is transmitted within a particular unique contiguoussegment of a signal space, such as a signal channel as defined by aparticular frequency channel.

Once the particular waveform reaches the proximal portion of theelongated conductive member 600, a capacitive pickup 1110 detects theparticular waveform within the particular unique contiguous segment of asignal space. In at least one embodiment, the capacitive pickup 1110 isintegrated within the power and data coupling device 630. In at leastone embodiment, the power and data coupling device 630 may be incapacitive communication with the elongated conductive member 600through changing electric fields. The capacitive pickup 1110communicates the detected waveform to a phase-lock loop (PLL) 1112 whichis then turned into a voltage 1114. The resulting voltage 1114 can thenbe processed and displayed 1116 as a pressure reading to an end-user.

FIG. 11B depicts a circuit for gathering and displaying a pulse echo. Inparticular, the pulse echo is gathered by an ultrasound pulse echosensor 1118. The ultrasound pulse echo sensor 1118 generates anamplitude modulated wave 1120. A voltage envelope versus time 1122 isthen created. In at least one embodiment, the voltage envelope versustime is created using a Hilbert transform circuit. The resulting signalis processed through a voltage-controlled oscillator (“VCO”) 1124 togenerate a representative signal. The representative signal is thentransmitted via the elongated conductive member 600 from the distalportion of the elongated conductive member 600 to the proximal portionof the elongated conductive member 600. Similar to the above example, inthis example, the elongated conductive member 600 comprises the wire 102within the guidewire system 100. In at least one embodiment, therepresentative signal is transmitted within a particular uniquecontiguous segment of a signal space, such as a signal channel asdefined by a particular frequency channel.

Once the particular waveform reaches the proximal portion of theelongated conductive member 600, a capacitive pickup 1126 detects therepresentative signal within the particular unique contiguous segment ofa signal space. In at least one embodiment, the capacitive pickup 1126is integrated within the power and data coupling device 630.Additionally, the power and data coupling device 630 may be incapacitive communication with the elongated conductive member 600through changing electric fields. The capacitive pickup 1126communicates the detected signal to a phase-lock loop (PLL) 1128 whichis then turned into a voltage 1130. The resulting voltage 1130 can thenbe processed and displayed 1132 as a pulse echo reading to an end-user.

FIG. 11C depicts a circuit for providing power to the one or moresensors 121. As such, in contrast to FIGS. 11A and 11B, FIG. 11C startsfrom the proximal portion of the elongated conductive member 600 andtransmits towards the distal portion of the elongated conductive member600. In particular, a frequency generation circuit 1134 creates a powersignal within a particular unique contiguous segment of a signal space,the particular unique contiguous segment comprising a particular powerchannel. The generated AC signal is communicated to a power amplifier1136 to generate a particular AC power signal within the particularpower channel. The AC power signal is capacitively coupled 1138 to theelongated conductive member 600 and then transmitted, via the elongatedconductive member 600, to the one or more sensors 121 at the distalportion of the elongated conductive member 600.

Once the AC power signal reaches the distal portion of the elongatedconductive member 600, the AC power signal is rectified 1140 andprocessed through a qualification/smoothing circuit 1142. The resultingDC power signal 1144 is then provided to the one or more sensors 1146,121, 220.

One will appreciate that each of the above-described circuits in FIGS.11A-11C utilize the capacitive coupling between the elongated conductivemember 600 and the power and data coupling device 630. As such, thedescribes sensors can be provided power and can communicate data to anexternal device 110 without requiring a physical connection between thepower and data coupling device 630 and the elongated conductive member600. The lack of such a physical connection provides significanttechnical benefits to a user. For example, the user is no longerconstrained by the presence of physical cords connecting to theelongated conductive member 600. Additionally, in the case of aguidewire system, for example, the user can feed medical devices, suchas stents and catheters, over the wire 102 without having to remove orpower down the wire 102. Such an ability allows the user to maintainuninterrupted sensor data from within the patient while placing themedical device onto the wire 102 and while placing the medical devicewithin the human body.

FIG. 12 illustrates a flow chart of a method 1200 for providing powerand data coupling to medical sensors. Method 1200 includes an act 1210of coupling a first conductive surface with a second conductive surface.Act 1210 comprises coupling, via a time-varying electric field, a firstconductive surface integrated into a medical device with a secondconductive surface. The first conductive surface is connected to a powersource for providing power to the second conductive surface, and thefirst conductive surface radiates a time-varying electric field that isconfigured to convey power to the second conductive surface.Additionally, the first conductive surface is configured to receivesignals from the second conductive surface.

For example, as depicted and described with respect FIGS. 1, 2, and8A-8D, the power and data coupling device 104 comprises a firstconductive surface 800 a. The first conductive surface 800 a isconnected to a power source (e.g., battery 810). The power source causesthe first conductive surface 800 a to radiate an electric field thatcouples with a second conductive surface 830, 840 and provides power toone or more sensors 121 (“medical sensors”) that are coupled to thesecond conductive surface 830, 840. Additionally, as shown and describedwith respect to FIGS. 6A and 6B, the first conductive surface 800 a isconfigured to receive signals (i.e., data signals) from the secondconductive surface.

Method 1200 also includes an act 1220 of translating the secondconductive surface. Act 1220 comprises translating the second conductivesurface with respect to the first conductive surface. For example, asdepicted and described with respect to FIGS. 1-3A, an elongatedconductive member (i.e., the second conductive surface), such as a wire102 or a catheter 202, can be translated through the power and datacoupling device 104. The ability to translate the wire 102, the catheter202, or some other medical device with respect to the first conductivesurface allows a user to position the medical device within a luminalspace for a medical procedure.

Additionally, method 1200 includes an act 1230 of isolating the signals.Act 1230 comprises isolating, with a signal processor, the signals. Forexample as depicted and described with respect to 6A and 6B, the powerand data coupling device 630 comprises filters that are configured toisolate the data signals from each other.

Further, method 1200 includes an act 1240 of transmitting the isolatedsignals. Act 1240 comprises transmitting, with a transmitter, theisolated signals to a computing device. For example, as depicted anddescribed with respect to FIGS. 6A, and 6B, a transmitter 640 cancommunicate the signals to an external device 110.

Aspects of the Invention

The invention is further specified in the following clauses:

Clause 1: A power and data coupling device for medical sensorscomprising:

a first conductive surface integrated into a medical device andconfigured to couple via an electric field with a second conductivesurface, the second conductive surface being translatable with respectto the first conductive surface, wherein:

the first conductive surface is connected to a power source forproviding power, through the electric field, to the second conductivesurface,

the first conductive surface radiates a time-varying electric field thatis configured to convey power to the second conductive surface, and

the first conductive surface is connected to a pick-up that isconfigured to receive signals from the second conductive surface.

Clause 2: The power and data coupling device as recited in any precedingclause, further comprising: a signal collector configured to isolate thesignals.

Clause 3: The power and data coupling device as recited in any precedingclause, further comprising: a transmitter configured to transmit theisolated signals to a computing device.

Clause 4: The power and data coupling device as recited in any precedingclause further comprising: one or more processors configured to processthe signals.

Clause 5: The power and data coupling device as recited in any precedingclause, wherein at least a portion of the second conductive surface isencompassed by the first conductive surface.

Clause 6: The power and data coupling device as recited in any precedingclause, wherein the first conductive surface is not in physical contactwith the second conductive surface.

Clause 7: The power and data coupling device as recited in any precedingclause, wherein the first conductive surface is in physical contact withthe second conductive surface.

Clause 8: The power and data coupling device as recited in any precedingclause, further comprising an amplifier that is configured to amplifythe signals.

Clause 9: The power and data coupling device as recited in any precedingclause, wherein the first conductive surface is configured tosimultaneously (i) provide a power signal to the second conductivesurface and (ii) receive a data signal from the second conductivesurface.

Clause 10: The power and data coupling device as recited in anypreceding clause, wherein the first conductive surface is configured tosimultaneously (i) provide multiple, different power signals to thesecond conductive surface, each power signal in the multiple, differentpower signals is configured to provide power to a different set ofmedical sensors and (ii) receive multiple, different data signals fromthe second conductive surface, each data signal in the multiple,different data signals provides data from a different group of medicalsensors.

Clause 11: The power and data coupling device as recited in anypreceding clause, wherein the second conductive surface comprises asingle conductive wire, the medical sensors being electrically coupledto the single conductive wire.

Clause 12: The power and data coupling device as recited in anypreceding clause, wherein the first conductive surface comprises aportion of a catheter, the medical sensors being physically attached tothe catheter.

Clause 13: The power and data coupling device as recited in anypreceding clause, wherein the first conductive surface comprises aplurality of physically separate conductive surfaces.

Clause 14: The power and data coupling device as recited in anypreceding clause, wherein each conductive surface selected from theplurality of physically separate conductive surfaces is configured toreceive a data signal from a particular, different set of medicalsensors.

Clause 15: The power and data coupling device as recited in anypreceding clause, wherein a first conductive surface selected from theplurality of physically separate conductive surfaces is configured toprovide power to at least one medical sensor and a second conductivesurface selected from the plurality of physically separate conductivesurfaces is configured to receive a data signal from the at least onemedical sensor.

Clause 16: The power and data coupling device as recited in anypreceding clause, wherein a power input line is physically connected toa feed on the first conductive surface, the feed being sized tosubstantially match an impedance of a coupling between the firstconductive surface and the second conductive surface.

Clause 17: A method for providing power and data coupling to medicalsensors comprising:

coupling, via a time-varying electric field, a first conductive surfaceintegrated into a medical device with a second conductive surface,wherein:

the first conductive surface is connected to a power source forproviding power to the second conductive surface,

the first conductive surface radiates a time-varying electric field thatis configured to convey power to the second conductive surface, and

the first conductive surface is configured to receive signals from thesecond conductive surface;

translating the second conductive surface with respect to the firstconductive surface;

isolating, with a signal processor, the signals; and

transmitting, with a transmitter, the isolated signals to a computingdevice.

Clause 18: The method as recited in any preceding clause, wherein atleast a portion of the second conductive surface is encompassed by thefirst conductive surface.

Clause 19: The method as recited in any preceding clause, wherein thefirst conductive surface is not in physical contact with the secondconductive surface.

Clause 20: The method as recited in any preceding clause, furthercomprising:

translating a second elongated conductive member over or adjacent to thesecond conductive surface; and

continue receiving the signals while the second elongated conductivemember is positioned between the first conductive surface and the secondconductive surface.

Clause 21: The method as recited in any preceding clause, wherein thefirst conductive surface is in physical contact with the secondconductive surface.

Clause 22: The method as recited in any preceding clause, furthercomprising amplifying, with an amplifier, the signals.

Clause 23: The method as recited in any preceding clause furthercomprising simultaneously (i) providing a power signal to the secondconductive surface and (ii) receiving a data signal from the secondconductive surface.

Clause 24: The method as recited in any preceding clause, furthercomprising:

simultaneously (i) providing multiple, different power signals to thesecond conductive surface, each power signal in the multiple, differentpower signals is configured to provide power to a different set ofmedical sensors and (ii) receiving multiple, different data signals fromthe second conductive surface, each data signal in the multiple,different data signals provides data from a different group of medicalsensors.

Clause 25: The method as recited in any preceding clause, wherein thefirst conductive surface comprises a single conductive wire, the medicalsensors being electrically coupled to the single conductive wire.

Clause 26: The method as recited in any preceding clause, wherein thefirst conductive surface comprises a portion of a catheter, the medicalsensors being physically attached to the catheter.

Clause 27: The method as recited in any preceding clause, wherein thefirst conductive surface comprises a plurality of physically separateconductive surfaces.

Clause 28: The method as recited in any preceding clause, furtherwherein multiple conductive surfaces selected from the plurality ofphysically separate conductive surfaces is configured to receive a datasignal from a particular, different set of medical sensors.

Clause 29: The method as recited in any preceding clause, wherein afirst conductive surface selected from the plurality of physicallyseparate conductive surfaces is configured to provide power to at leastone medical sensor and a second conductive surface selected from theplurality of physically separate conductive surfaces is configured toreceive a data signal from the at least one medical sensor.

Clause 30: The method as recited in any preceding clause, wherein apower input line is physically connected to a feed on the firstconductive surface, the feed being sized to substantially match animpedance of a coupling between the first conductive surface and thesecond conductive surface.

CONCLUSION

While certain embodiments of the present disclosure have been describedin detail, with reference to specific configurations, parameters,components, elements, etcetera, the descriptions are illustrative andare not to be construed as limiting the scope of the claimed invention.

Furthermore, it should be understood that for any given element ofcomponent of a described embodiment, any of the possible alternativeslisted for that element or component may generally be used individuallyor in combination with one another, unless implicitly or explicitlystated otherwise.

In addition, unless otherwise indicated, numbers expressing quantities,constituents, distances, or other measurements used in the specificationand claims are to be understood as optionally being modified by the term“about” or its synonyms. When the terms “about,” “approximately,”“substantially,” or the like are used in conjunction with a statedamount, value, or condition, it may be taken to mean an amount, value orcondition that deviates by less than 20%, less than 10%, less than 5%,or less than 1% of the stated amount, value, or condition. At the veryleast, and not as an attempt to limit the application of the doctrine ofequivalents to the scope of the claims, each numerical parameter shouldbe construed in light of the number of reported significant digits andby applying ordinary rounding techniques.

Any headings and subheadings used herein are for organizational purposesonly and are not meant to be used to limit the scope of the descriptionor the claims.

It will also be noted that, as used in this specification and theappended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an” and “the” do not excludeplural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Thus,for example, an embodiment referencing a singular referent (e.g.,“widget”) may also include two or more such referents.

It will also be appreciated that embodiments described herein mayinclude properties, features (e.g., ingredients, components, members,elements, parts, and/or portions) described in other embodimentsdescribed herein. Accordingly, the various features of a givenembodiment can be combined with and/or incorporated into otherembodiments of the present disclosure. Thus, disclosure of certainfeatures relative to a specific embodiment of the present disclosureshould not be construed as limiting application or inclusion of saidfeatures to the specific embodiment. Rather, it will be appreciated thatother embodiments can also include such features.

Further, the methods may be practiced by a computer system including oneor more processors and computer-readable media such as computer memory.In particular, the computer memory may store computer-executableinstructions that when executed by one or more processors cause variousfunctions to be performed, such as the acts recited in the embodiments.

Computing system functionality can be enhanced by a computing systems'ability to be interconnected to other computing systems via networkconnections. Network connections may include, but are not limited to,connections via wired or wireless Ethernet, cellular connections, oreven computer to computer connections through serial, parallel, USB, orother connections. The connections allow a computing system to accessservices at other computing systems and to quickly and efficientlyreceive application data from other computing systems.

Interconnection of computing systems has facilitated distributedcomputing systems, such as so-called “cloud” computing systems. In thisdescription, “cloud computing” may be systems or resources for enablingubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool ofconfigurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage,applications, services, etc.) that can be provisioned and released withreduced management effort or service provider interaction. A cloud modelcan be composed of various characteristics (e.g., on-demandself-service, broad network access, resource pooling, rapid elasticity,measured service, etc.), service models (e.g., Software as a Service(“SaaS”), Platform as a Service (“PaaS”), Infrastructure as a Service(“IaaS”), and deployment models (e.g., private cloud, community cloud,public cloud, hybrid cloud, etc.).

Cloud and remote based service applications are prevalent. Suchapplications are hosted on public and private remote systems such asclouds and usually offer a set of web-based services for communicatingback and forth with clients.

Many computers are intended to be used by direct user interaction withthe computer. As such, computers have input hardware and software userinterfaces to facilitate user interaction. For example, a moderngeneral-purpose computer may include a keyboard, mouse, touchpad,camera, etc. for allowing a user to input data into the computer. Inaddition, various software user interfaces may be available.

Examples of software user interfaces include graphical user interfaces,text command line-based user interface, function key or hot key userinterfaces, and the like.

Disclosed embodiments may comprise or utilize a special purpose orgeneral-purpose computer including computer hardware, as discussed ingreater detail below. Disclosed embodiments also include physical andother computer-readable media for carrying or storingcomputer-executable instructions and/or data structures. Suchcomputer-readable media can be any available media that can be accessedby a general purpose or special purpose computer system.Computer-readable media that store computer-executable instructions arephysical storage media. Computer-readable media that carrycomputer-executable instructions are transmission media. Thus, by way ofexample, and not limitation, embodiments of the invention can compriseat least two distinctly different kinds of computer-readable media:physical computer-readable storage media and transmissioncomputer-readable media.

Physical computer-readable storage media includes RAM, ROM, EEPROM,CD-ROM or other optical disk storage (such as CDs, DVDs, etc.), magneticdisk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other mediumwhich can be used to store desired program code means in the form ofcomputer-executable instructions or data structures and which can beaccessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer.

A “network” is defined as one or more data links that enable thetransport of electronic data between computer systems and/or modulesand/or other electronic devices. When information is transferred orprovided over a network or another communications connection (eitherhardwired, wireless, or a combination of hardwired or wireless) to acomputer, the computer properly views the connection as a transmissionmedium. Transmission media can include a network and/or data links whichcan be used to carry program code in the form of computer-executableinstructions or data structures and which can be accessed by a generalpurpose or special purpose computer. Combinations of the above are alsoincluded within the scope of computer-readable media.

Further, upon reaching various computer system components, program codemeans in the form of computer-executable instructions or data structurescan be transferred automatically from transmission computer-readablemedia to physical computer-readable storage media (or vice versa). Forexample, computer-executable instructions or data structures receivedover a network or data link can be buffered in RAM within a networkinterface module (e.g., a “NIC”), and then eventually transferred tocomputer system RAM and/or to less volatile computer-readable physicalstorage media at a computer system. Thus, computer-readable physicalstorage media can be included in computer system components that also(or even primarily) utilize transmission media.

Computer-executable instructions comprise, for example, instructions anddata which cause a general-purpose computer, special purpose computer,or special purpose processing device to perform a certain function orgroup of functions. The computer-executable instructions may be, forexample, binaries, intermediate format instructions such as assemblylanguage, or even source code. Although the subject matter has beendescribed in language specific to structural features and/ormethodological acts, it is to be understood that the subject matterdefined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to thedescribed features or acts described above. Rather, the describedfeatures and acts are disclosed as example forms of implementing theclaims.

Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the invention may bepracticed in network computing environments with many types of computersystem configurations, including, personal computers, desktop computers,laptop computers, message processors, hand-held devices, multi-processorsystems, microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronics,network PCs, minicomputers, mainframe computers, mobile telephones,PDAs, pagers, routers, switches, and the like. The invention may also bepracticed in distributed system environments where local and remotecomputer systems, which are linked (either by hardwired data links,wireless data links, or by a combination of hardwired and wireless datalinks) through a network, both perform tasks. In a distributed systemenvironment, program modules may be located in both local and remotememory storage devices.

Alternatively, or in addition, the functionality described herein can beperformed, at least in part, by one or more hardware logic components.For example, and without limitation, illustrative types of hardwarelogic components that can be used include Field-programmable Gate Arrays(FPGAs), Program-specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Program-specificStandard Products (ASSPs), System-on-a-chip systems (SOCs), ComplexProgrammable Logic Devices (CPLDs), etc.

The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms withoutdeparting from its spirit or characteristics. The described embodimentsare to be considered in all respects only as illustrative and notrestrictive. The scope of the invention is, therefore, indicated by theappended claims rather than by the foregoing description. All changeswhich come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims areto be embraced within their scope.

What is claimed is:
 1. A power and data coupling device for medicalsensors comprising: a conductive surface integrated into a medicaldevice and configured to couple via an electric field with anelectronically conductive guidewire, wherein: the conductive surface isconnected to a power source for providing power, through the electricfield, to the electronically conductive guidewire, the conductivesurface radiates a time-varying electric field that is configured toconvey power to the electronically conductive guidewire, and theconductive surface is connected to a pick-up that is configured toreceive signals from the electronically conductive guidewire while theelectronically conductive guidewire is being translated with respect tothe conductive surface.
 2. The power and data coupling device as recitedin claim 1, wherein at least a portion of the electronically conductiveguidewire is encompassed by the conductive surface.
 3. The power anddata coupling device as recited in claim 1, wherein the conductivesurface is in physical contact with the electronically conductiveguidewire.
 4. The power and data coupling device as recited in claim 1,wherein the conductive surface is configured to simultaneously (i)provide a power signal to the electronically conductive guidewire and(ii) receive a data signal from the electronically conductive guidewire.5. The power and data coupling device as recited in claim 4, wherein theconductive surface is configured to simultaneously (i) provide multiple,different power signals to the electronically conductive guidewire, eachpower signal in the multiple, different power signals is configured toprovide power to a different set of medical sensors and (ii) receivemultiple, different data signals from the electronically conductiveguidewire, each data signal in the multiple, different data signalsprovides data from a different group of medical sensors.
 6. The powerand data coupling device as recited in claim 1, wherein theelectronically conductive guidewire comprises a single conductive wire,the medical sensors being electrically coupled to the single conductivewire.
 7. The power and data coupling device as recited in claim 1,wherein the conductive surface comprises a plurality of physicallyseparate conductive surfaces.
 8. The power and data coupling device asrecited in claim 7, wherein each conductive surface selected from theplurality of physically separate conductive surfaces is configured toreceive a data signal from a particular, different set of medicalsensors.
 9. The power and data coupling device as recited in claim 7,wherein a first conductive surface selected from the plurality ofphysically separate conductive surfaces is configured to provide powerto at least one medical sensor and a second conductive surface selectedfrom the plurality of physically separate conductive surfaces isconfigured to receive a data signal from the at least one medicalsensor.
 10. The power and data coupling device as recited in claim 1,wherein a power input line is physically connected to a feed on theconductive surface, the feed being sized to substantially match animpedance of a coupling between the conductive surface and theelectronically conductive guidewire.
 11. A method for providing powerand data coupling to medical sensors comprising: capacitively conveyingpower from a conductive surface integrated into a medical device to anelectronically conductive guidewire; while translating theelectronically conductive guidewire with respect to the conductivesurface, receiving signals from the electronically conductive guidewire;and isolating, with a signal processor, the signals.
 12. The method asrecited in claim 11, wherein at least a portion of the electronicallyconductive guidewire is encompassed by the conductive surface.
 13. Themethod as recited in claim 11, further comprising: translating a secondelongated conductive member over or adjacent to the electronicallyconductive guidewire; and continue receiving the signals andtransmitting power while the second elongated conductive member ispositioned between the conductive surface and the electronicallyconductive guidewire.
 14. The method as recited in claim 11, furthercomprising: simultaneously (i) providing a power signal to theelectronically conductive guidewire and (ii) receiving a data signalfrom the electronically conductive guidewire.
 15. The method as recitedin claim 14, further comprising: simultaneously (i) providing multiple,different power signals to the electronically conductive guidewire, eachpower signal in the multiple, different power signals is configured toprovide power to a different set of medical sensors and (ii) receivingmultiple, different data signals from the electronically conductiveguidewire, each data signal in the multiple, different data signalsprovides data from a different group of medical sensors.
 16. The methodas recited in claim 11, wherein the conductive surface comprises asingle conductive wire, the medical sensors being electrically coupledto the single conductive wire.
 17. The method as recited in claim 11,wherein the conductive surface comprises a plurality of physicallyseparate conductive surfaces.
 18. The method as recited in claim 17,wherein multiple conductive surfaces selected from the plurality ofphysically separate conductive surfaces are configured to receive a datasignal from a particular, different set of medical sensors.
 19. Themethod as recited in claim 17, wherein a conductive surface selectedfrom the plurality of physically separate conductive surfaces isconfigured to provide power to at least one medical sensor and a secondconductive surface selected from the plurality of physically separateconductive surfaces is configured to receive a data signal from the atleast one medical sensor.
 20. The method as recited in claim 11, whereina power input line is physically connected to a feed on the conductivesurface, the feed being sized to substantially match an impedance of acoupling between the conductive surface and the electronicallyconductive guidewire.